British involvement and epidemic diseases during the 1908 – 1914 Hajj Pilgrimage: Evidence from British Documents


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Authors

  • Halil Ersin AVCI Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Education Faculty, Social Studies Education

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31039/ljss.2023.5.94

Keywords:

Hajj Pilgrimage, Muslim Hajj, Ottoman Empire, British Empire, India

Abstract

This study examines the role of British involvement and the impact of epidemic diseases during the Hajj pilgrimage from 1908 to 1914. Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of British documents, the research sheds light on the extent of British engagement and its repercussions on the spread and management of epidemics within the context of the Hajj. By exploring the documented evidence, including official reports and correspondence, this paper offers valuable insights into the British perspective and its influence on the dynamics of epidemic diseases during this critical period. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the historical interplay between colonial powers and the challenges posed by epidemic outbreaks during religious gatherings.

References

TNA (The National Archives)/FO (Foreign Office)/9458/7053, No.105, Sanitary Administration, Turkey 1908, Sir Gerard Lowther to Sir Edward Grey, 22 February 1909.

TNA/FO/9458/7053, No.105, Sanitary Administration, Turkey 1908, Sir Gerard Lowther to Sir Edward Grey, 22 February 1909.

TNAFO/9624/4235, No.55, Sanitary Affairs, Turkey 1909, Sir Gerard Lowther to Sir Edward Grey, 7 February 1910.

TNA/FO/9811/4235, No.103, Sanitary Affairs, Turkey 1910, Sir Gerard Lowther to Sir Edward Grey, 20 February 1911.

TNA/FO/10000/4966, No.100, Sanitary Affairs, Turkey 1911, Sir Gerard Lowther to Sir Edward Grey, 5 February 1912.

TNA/FO/10280/18383, No.315, Sanitary Affairs, Turkey 1912, Sir Gerard Lowther to Sir Edward Grey, 21 April 1913.

TNA/FO/10523/79138, Mr. Beaumont to Sir Edward Grey, 4 December 1914.

Avcı, Halil Ersin, (2005). İngiliz Gizli Raporu, Türkiye 1908, Emre Publishing, İstanbul.

Sarıyıldız, Gülden, (1996). Hicaz Karantina Teşkilatı (1908-1914), TTK(Turkish Historical Society), Ankara.

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Published

2023-06-30

How to Cite

AVCI, H. E. (2023). British involvement and epidemic diseases during the 1908 – 1914 Hajj Pilgrimage: Evidence from British Documents. London Journal of Social Sciences, (5), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.31039/ljss.2023.5.94

Issue

No. 5 (2023)

Section

Articles

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