Comparative Analysis and Optimization of Stem Cell Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes: Evaluating Glycemic Control, Insulin Independence, and Adverse Effects
Abstract views: 71
/ 
PDF downloads: 73
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31039/plic.2024.11.255Keywords:
Embryonic Stem Cells, Adult Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Type 1 DiabetesAbstract
This paper will explore treatments for Type 1 diabetes by comparing embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells through glycemic control, insulin independence, and other adverse effects. Diabetes is a detrimental disease that affects over 10% of the U.S. population, leading to chronic conditions such as damage to large and small blood vessels, which can increase the risk of a heart attack or stroke, as well as dilemmas with the kidneys, eyes, feet, and nerves. Given the limitations of standard insulin therapy, stem cell transplantation is a promising alternative; however, due to the novelty of the solution, researchers and doctors are not familiar with the most optimal way to treat diabetes. To alleviate and cure this degenerative disease through stem cell transplantation, we will optimize the efficiency of the process by deductively analyzing each stem cell through Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) and monitoring HbA1c levels. We hope to enhance stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes and save the lives of those suffering from this hoarding pandemic, so victims are effectively cured, not treated. The objective of this study is to find the most suitable stem cell for treating T1D (Type 1 Diabetes) using stem cell transplantation to ensure the safest and most effective route.
References
Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Michels, A. W. (2014). Type 1 diabetes. The Lancet, 383(9911), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60591-7
Brand-Miller, J., & Buyken, A. E. (2020). The Relationship between Glycemic Index and Health. Nutrients, 12(2), 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020536
Diabetes. (n.d.). Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI). https://hsci.harvard.edu/diabetes-0#:~:text=These%20new%20stem%20cells%2C%20called,individual%20to%20T1D%20are%20present.
Hayek, A., & King, C. C. (2016). Brief review: cell replacement therapies to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40842-016-0023-y
Markmann, J. F., Deng, S., Huang, X., Desai, N. M., Velidedeoglu, E. H., Lui, C., Frank, A., Markmann, E., Palanjian, M., Brayman, K., Wolf, B., Bell, E., Vitamaniuk, M., Doliba, N., Matschinsky, F., Barker, C. F., & Naji, A. (2003). Insulin independence following isolated islet transplantation and single islet infusions. Annals of Surgery, 237(6), 741–750. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000072110.93780.52
National Academies Press (US). (2002a). Adult stem cells. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223693/
National Academies Press (US). (2002b). Adult stem cells. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223693/
National Academies Press (US). (2002c). Embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine - NCBI Bookshelf. https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223690/#:~:text=Embryonic%20stem%20cells%20(ESCs)%20are,7th%20day%20after%20fertilization.
National Academies Press (US). (2002d). Embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223690/
Powers, A., & Fowler, M. (2022). Diabetes mellitus: management and therapies. McGraw Hill Medical. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3095§ionid=265445871
Robinton, D. A., & Daley, G. Q. (2012). The promise of induced pluripotent stem cells in research and therapy. Nature, 481(7381), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10761
Silva, I. B. B., Kimura, C. H., Colantoni, V. P., & Sogayar, M. C. (2022). Stem cell differentiation into insulin-producing cells (IPCs): recent advances and current challenges. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-02977-y
Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, S. (2006). Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors. Cell, 126(4), 663–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024
Wan, X., Zhang, D., Khan, M. A., Zheng, S., Hu, X., Zhang, Q., Yang, R., & Xiong, K. (2022). Stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus: from insulin replacement to Beta-Cell replacement. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.859638
Ye, L., Swingen, C., & Zhang, J. (2013). Induced pluripotent stem cells and their potential for basic and clinical sciences. Current Cardiology Reviews, 9(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340313805076278
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Kareem Ashkar, Miranda Camacho, Devika Jith, Yakup Bayar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
Share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives-No additional restrictions.
Authors retain copyright and agree to license their articles with a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
