The Role of Digital Forensics in Mitigating Cybercrime Among Students in Kenyan Universities

Abstract

The widespread use of digital technologies in higher education is significantly transforming learning, research, and communication in Kenyan public universities. Despite these important milestones, increased use of online platforms among students poses them greater potential risks of cyber threats. This study examined the role of digital forensics in mitigating cybercrime among students in Kenyan public universities. Specifically, the study sought to identify common cybercrimes affecting students, examine the level of awareness of digital forensics tools and techniques, assess the effectiveness of digital forensics in mitigating cybercrime incidents, and recommend strategies for integrating digital forensics into university cybersecurity frameworks. The study was anchored on Routine Activity Theory, and adopted descriptive survey research design. A sample of 49 students was selected from the University of Nairobi, Kenyatta University, and the Technical University of Kenya, where 47 successfully participated in the study. A structured questionnaire comprising both closed-ended and open-ended questions was used for primary data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS computer software, while qualitative responses were analyzed thematically. The results showed that the most common cyber threats affecting students included phishing, identity theft, hacking of social media accounts, online financial fraud, and poor cybersecurity practices. Despite the students’ moderate awareness of digital forensics, universities appeared to have inadequate forensic capacity and awareness programmes for students. The study further revealed that awareness, effectiveness, and digital forensic integration had significant positive relationships with cybercrime mitigation, where perceived effectiveness of digital forensics emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.411, p < 0.001). The study concluded that cybercrime in Kenyan public universities can be significantly reduced by strengthening institutional capacity, digital forensic awareness, and collaborative cybersecurity strategies. The study recommended increased investments in digital forensic infrastructure, student training, institutional capacity, and collaborations with relevant government agencies.